doc/guides: add stm32 flashing guide

doc/guides/board_specific/stm32.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+title: STM32 Flashing
+description: Guide on how to flash STM32 boards
+---
+
+## Flashing the Board Using OpenOCD
+
+The ST Nucleo32, 64 and 144 boards include an on-board ST-LINK programmer
+and can be flashed using OpenOCD (use version 0.11.0 at least).
+OpenOCD is the standard programmer for all Nucleo boards, so no explicit
+`PROGRAMMER` environment variable has to be set.
+
+To flash this board, just use the following command (replace the `xxxxx`
+with your Nucleo variant):
+
+```shell
+make BOARD=nucleo-xxxxx flash -C examples/basic/hello-world
+```
+
+If your board does not have OpenOCD set as the default programmer, you can
+select it by explicitly setting the `PROGRAMMER` variable:
+
+```shell
+make BOARD=xxxxx PROGARMMER=openocd flash
+```
+
+## Flashing the Board Using the ST-LINK Mass Storage Device
+
+The on-board ST-Link programmer found on all Nucleo32, 64 and 144 boards
+will show up as a mass storage device when plugged in via USB.
+Copying a HEX file to the mass storage device will trigger the flashing
+sequence of the ST-Link. This can either be done manually or with the
+`cpy2remed` (copy to removable media) PROGRAMMER script. To use this programmer,
+you can use the following command:
+
+```shell
+make BOARD=nucleo-xxxx PROGRAMMER=cpy2remed flash
+```
+
+:::note
+If the flash operation fails for some reason, it is possible that
+the embedded ST-Link firmware is either too old or has bugs that have been
+fixed in the meantime. You can find updates for the ST-Link on
+[this STM webpage](https://www.st.com/en/development-tools/stsw-link007.html).
+:::
+
+## Flashing the Board using stm32flash
+
+It is possible to automatically boot the STM32 board into the in-ROM bootloader
+that `stm32flash` communicates with for flashing by connecting the RST pin to
+DTR and the BOOT pin (or BOOT0 for STM32 MCU families with BOOT0 and BOOT1 pins)
+to RTS of the TTL adapter. In addition, set `STM32FLASH_RESET` to `1` via
+environment or command line to actually issue a reset with BOOT (or BOOT0)
+pulled high prior flashing to enter the bootloader, and a second reset with BOOT
+(or BOOT0) pulled low to reboot into the application. `STM32FLASH_RESET`
+defaults to `0` as of know, as with `PROGRAMMER=stm32flash STM32FLASH_RESET=1`
+additional terminal flags are set, so that `make term` doesn't accidentally
+keep the reset signal pulled low or boots the board into the bootloader.
+
+```shell
+make BOARD=xxxx PROGRAMMER=stm32flash STM32FLASH_RESET=1 flash
+```
+
+The TTL adapter this was tested with had inverted RTS and DTR signal. By setting
+`STM32FLASH_RESET_INVERT` to `1` RIOT will assume RTS and DTR signals to be
+inverted, by setting it to `0` non-inverted signals will be generated. As of
+now, `STM32FLASH_RESET_INVERT` is by default `1`. This may change if it
+becomes evident that non-inverted TTL adapters are in fact more common than
+inverted adapters.

doc/guides/build-system/flashing.md

@@ -124,6 +124,8 @@ see [Adafruit nRF52 Bootloader Common](https://doc.riot-os.org/group__boards__co
 - `cpy2remed` (requires integrated ST-Link programmer, e.g. Nucleo boards)
 - `robotis-loader` (requires robotis bootloader, only one board supported)
 
+See also: [STM32 Flashing Guide](/board_specific/stm32)
+
 ## Programmer Configuration
 
 This section will list additional configuration options to control the behavior
@@ -189,26 +191,6 @@ JTAG. Also JTAG requires more signal lines to be connected compared to SWD and
 some internal programmers only have the SWD signal lines connected, so that
 JTAG will not be possible.
 
-### stm32flash Configuration
-
-It is possible to automatically boot the STM32 board into the in-ROM bootloader
-that `stm32flash` communicates with for flashing by connecting the RST pin to
-DTR and the BOOT pin (or BOOT0 for STM32 MCU families with BOOT0 and BOOT1 pins)
-to RTS of the TTL adapter. In addition, set `STM32FLASH_RESET` to `1` via
-environment or command line to actually issue a reset with BOOT (or BOOT0)
-pulled high prior flashing to enter the bootloader, and a second reset with BOOT
-(or BOOT0) pulled low to reboot into the application. `STM32FLASH_RESET`
-defaults to `0` as of know, as with `PROGRAMMER=stm32flash STM32FLASH_RESET=1`
-additional terminal flags are set, so that `make term` doesn't accidentally
-keeps the reset signal pulled low or boot the board into the bootloader.
-
-The TTL adapter this was tested with had inverted RTS and DTR signal. By setting
-`STM32FLASH_RESET_INVERT` to `1` RIOT will assume RTS and DTR signals to be
-inverted, by setting it to `0` non-inverted signals will be generated. As of
-now, `STM32FLASH_RESET_INVERT` is by default `1`. This may change if it
-becomes evident that non-inverted TTL adapters are in fact more common than
-inverted adapters.
-
 ### MSPDEBUG Configuration
 
 All options can be passed as environment variables or as make arguments.

doc/starlight/astro.config.mjs

@@ -152,6 +152,12 @@ export default defineConfig({
             "build-system/debugging_aids",
           ],
         },
+        {
+          label: "Board Specific",
+          items: [
+            "board_specific/stm32"
+          ],
+        },
         {
           label: "Miscellaneous",
           items: [