While the for-loop condition does contain a bounds check, the pointer is
independently increment in the for-loop body. This increment therefore
requires a separate bounds check. Otherwise, the parsing loop may access
data outside the given buffer boundaries.
The new `gnrc_tx_sync` module allows users of the GNRC network stack to
synchronize with the actual transmission of outgoing packets. This is directly
integrated into gnrc_sock. Hence, if `gnrc_tx_sync` is used, calls to e.g.
sock_udp_send() will block until the network stack has processed the message.
Use cases:
1. Prevent packet drop when sending at high rate
- If the application is sending faster than the stack can handle, the
message queues will overflow and outgoing packets are lost
2. Passing auxiliary data about the transmission back the stack
- When e.g. the number of required retransmissions, the transmission time
stamp, etc. should be made available to a user of an UDP sock, a
synchronization mechanism is needed
3. Simpler error reporting without footguns
- The current approach of using `core/msg` for passing up error messages is
difficult to use if other message come in. Currently, gnrc_sock is
busy-waiting and fetching messages from the message queue until the number
of expected status reports is received. It will enqueue all
non-status-report messages again at the end of the queue. This has
multiple issues:
- Busy waiting is especially in lower power scenarios with time slotted
MAC protocols harmful, as the CPU will remain active and consume
power even though the it could sleep until the TX slot is reached
- The status reports from the network stack are send to the user thread
blocking. If the message queue of the user thread is full, the network
stack would block until the user stack can fetch the messages. If
another higher priority thread would start sending a message, it
would busy wait for its status reports to completely come in. Hence,
the first thread doesn't get CPU time to fetch messages and unblock
the network stack. As a result, the system would lock up completely.
- Just adding the error/status code to the gnrc_tx_sync_t would preallocate
and reserve memory for the error reporting. That way gnrc_sock does not
need to search through the message queue for status reports and the
network stack does not need to block for the user thread fetching it.
RISC-V support semihosting in very similar way as the cortex-m
microcontrollers. The code calls a breakpoint instruction and the
attached debugger reads/writes registers and memory for stdio.
The RISC-V architecture doesn't support a call number with the EBREAK
instruction, to allow the debugger to detect a semihosting break point,
the EBREAK instruction is wrapped in a SLLI and SRAI instruction. These
use x0 as output register, making them NOP instructions.
One caveat when using this is that the RISC-V core traps the EBREAK
instruction with trap code 3 when no debugger is attached. Restarting
the application with the debugger attached avoids this.
