Split out Gunar Schorcht's clever approach to provide thread safe malloc for
AVR into a system module and make AVR depend on this. This allows other
platforms to also use this.
Drop `#include "irq.h"` in `cpu.h`, which was there for a legacy work around.
A bunch of missing includes of `irq.h` materialized due to this and were
fixed.
Memory management function like `malloc`, `calloc`, `realloc` and `free` must not be preempted when they operate on allocator structures. To avoid such a preemption, wrappers around these functions are used which simply disable all interrupts for the time of their execution.